Journal
AMERICAN NATURALIST
Volume 172, Issue 4, Pages 449-462Publisher
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/590966
Keywords
plasticity; adaptive radiation; flexible stem model; Baldwin effect
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [IOB-0447480]
- Clark University
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [F32GM080168]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [F32GM080168] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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If an ancestral stem group repeatedly colonizes similar environments, developmental plasticity specific to that group should consistently give rise to similar phenotypes. Parallel selection on those similar phenotypes could lead to the repeated evolution of characteristic ecotypes, a property common to many adaptive radiations. A key prediction of this flexible stem model of adaptive radiation is that patterns of phenotypic divergence in derived groups should mirror patterns of developmental plasticity in their common ancestor. The threespine stickleback radiation provides an excellent opportunity to test this prediction because the marine form is representative of the ancestral stem group, which has repeatedly given rise to several characteristic ecotypes. We examined plasticity of several aspects of shape and trophic morphology in response to diets characteristic of either the derived benthic ecotype or the limnetic ecotype. When marine fish were reared on alternative diets, plasticity of head and mouth shape paralleled phenotypic divergence between the derived ecotypes, supporting the flexible stem model. Benthic and limnetic fish exhibited patterns of plasticity similar to those of the marine population; however, some differences in population means were present, as well as subtle differences in shape plasticity in the benthic population, indicating a role for genetic accommodation in this system.
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