Journal
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
Volume 13, Issue 21, Pages 6386-6395Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0486
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA44579, R01CA57653] Funding Source: Medline
- NCRR NIH HHS [5 M01 RR00847] Funding Source: Medline
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Purpose: Human melanoma cells express shared antigens recognized by CD8(+) T lymphocytes, the most common of which are melanocytic differentiation proteins and cancer-testis antigens. However, peptide vaccines for melanoma usually target only one or two MHC class I-associated pepticle antigens. Because melanomas commonly evade immune recognition by selective antigen loss, optimization of melanoma vaccines may require development of more complex multipepticle vaccines. Experimental Design: In a prospective randomized clinical trial, we have evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine containing a mixture of 12 peptides from melanocytic differentiation proteins and cancer-testis antigens, designed for human leukocyte antigen types that represent 80% of the melanoma patient population. This was compared with a four-peptide vaccine with only melanocytic differentiation peptides. Immune responses were assessed in peripheral blood and in vaccine-draining lymph nodes. Results: These data show that (a) the 12-peptide mixture is immunogenic in all treated patients; (b) immunogenicity of individual peptides is maintained despite competition with additional peptides for binding to MHC molecules; (c) a broader and more robust immune response is induced by vaccination with the more complex 12-peptide mixture; and (d) clinical outcome in this peptide vaccine trial correlates with immune responses measured in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Conclusions: These data support continued investigation of complex multipeptide vaccines for melanoma.
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