Journal
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 11, Pages 2310-2320Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301373
Keywords
cortisol; stress; dopamine; amphetamine; PET scan; humans
Categories
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00052] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA012837, R01 AA012837-05, AA12837, AA10158, AA12839] Funding Source: Medline
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Preclinical studies have shown that stress and glucocorticoids increase mesolimbic dopamine (DA) and thereby facilitate psychostimulant self-administration. The relationship between stress-induced cortisol and mesolimbic DA responses to psychostimulants has not been studied in humans. To test the hypotheses that glucocorticoid responses to psychological stress are correlated with DA and subjective responses to psychostimulants in humans, 25 healthy adults (18-29 years) completed the Trier Social Stress Test ( TSST) and two positron emission tomography ( PET) scans with high-specific [C-11]raclopride. The first scan was preceded by intravenous saline and the second by amphetamine ( AMPH). Findings showed that stress-induced cortisol levels were positively associated with AMPH-induced DA release in the ventral striatum and other striatal regions. Subjects with higher cortisol responses to stress also reported more positive subjective drug effects with AMPH than subjects with lower responses. The results are consistent with preclinical findings showing an interrelationship between glucocorticoids and mesolimbic DA dynamics, which may influence psychostimulant self-administration in humans.
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