Journal
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
Volume 149, Issue 3-4, Pages 139-146Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.007
Keywords
Leishmaniasis; reservoir; Leishmania; dog; epidemiology
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Leishmania parasites cause a group of diseases collectively known as leishmaniases. The primary hosts of Leishmania are sylvatic mammals of several orders (Rodentia, Marsupialia, Carnivora, etc.). Under certain circumstances, particularly in peridomestic and domestic transmission foci, synanthropic and domestic animals can act as source of infection for phlebotomine sand fly vectors. Dogs have long been implicated as the main domestic reservoirs of Leishmania (Leishinania) infantum, the aetiological agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, and there exists an increasing trend to regard dogs as the main domestic reservoirs of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the most widespread aetiological agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. However, insights derived from recent research indicate that not dogs but humans are probably the most important domestic reservoirs of L. (V) braziliensis. In the present article, the role of dogs as reservoirs of Leishmania parasites, with emphasis on L. (L.) infantunt and L. (V) braziliensis, is reviewed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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