Voltammetry at nanoparticle and microparticle modified electrodes: Theory and experiment

Electrodes modified with random arrays of nanoparticles and/or microparticles find significant application in electroanalysis. Theory is developed for the diffusional current at nanoparticle-modified electrodes via the diffusion domain approach which is used to model the electrode surface as a randomly distributed assembly of spherical particles. Experiments are reported for the electrocatalytic reduction of protons at a palladium particle modified electrode and shown to behave as predicted theoretically.