Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 27, Issue 47, Pages 12839-12843Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3110-07.2007
Keywords
motor prediction; motor control; grip force; double-step paradigm; hand; human
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It is well established that motor prediction is crucial for many of our daily actions. However, it is still unclear whether the brain generates motor prediction in real time. To challenge this idea, grip force was monitored while subjects had to transport a hand-held object to a visual target that could move unexpectedly. In agreement with previous reports, subjects triggered fast arm movement corrections to bring the object to the new target location. In addition, we found that subjects initiated grip force adjustments before or in synchrony with arm movement corrections. Throughout the movement, grip force anticipated the mechanical consequences resulting from arm motion, even when it was substantially corrected. Moreover, the predictive control of grip force did not interfere with the on-line control of arm trajectory. Altogether, our results suggest that motor prediction is an automatic, real-time process operating during movement execution and correction.
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