Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Volume 204, Issue 12, Pages 2925-2934Publisher
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070661
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007413, AI036302, R29 AI036302, R01 AI036302, AI073876, R01 AI073876] Funding Source: Medline
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Recent data have indicated that an important instructive class of signals regulating the immune response is Notch ligand - mediated activation. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we observed that only Delta-like 4 (dll4) was up-regulated on bone marrow derived dendritic cells after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and that it was dependent on MyD88-mediated pathways. Using a polyclonal antibody specific for dll4, the development of RSV-induced disease was examined. Animals treated with anti-dll4 had substantially increased airway hyperresponsiveness compared with control antibody-treated animals. When the lymphocytic lung infiltrate was examined, a significant increase in total CD4(+) T cells and activated (perforin(+)) CD8(+) T cells was observed. Isolated lung CD4(+) T cells demonstrated significant increases in Th2-type cytokines and a decrease in interferon gamma, demonstrating an association with increased disease pathogenesis. Parellel in vitro studies examining the integrated role of dll4 with interleukin-12 demonstrated that, together, both of these instructive signals direct the immune response toward a more competent, less pathogenic antiviral response. These data demonstrate that dll4-mediated Notch activation is one regulator of antiviral immunity.
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