Journal
TALANTA
Volume 74, Issue 2, Pages 255-264Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.06.011
Keywords
undiluted urine; sodium ion monitoring; solid-contact ion-selective electrode; solvent-solvent and solid phase extraction; ionophore-based electrode
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL079147-03, 1 R01 HL079147-01, R01 HL079147, R01 HL079147-01, R01 HL079147-02] Funding Source: Medline
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The measurement of sodium ion concentration in urine can provide diagnostic information and guide therapy. Unfortunately, neutral-carrier-based ion-selective electrodes show a large positive drift and loss in selectivity in undiluted urine. The extraction of electrically neutral lipids from the urine into the sensing membrane was suggested as the main source of the drift, loss of selectivity and the consequent incorrect concentration readings. In this work, (i) solvent-solvent extraction, (ii) membrane-immobilized solvent extraction and (iii) solid phase extraction were used to remove interfering compounds from urine samples. The cleaned urine samples were subsequently analyzed using a calixarene (sodium ionophore X)based, solid-contact, sodium-selective electrode in a flow-through manifold. The solid-contact sodium sensors had excellent stability in cleaned urine and an acceptable bias compared to commercial clinical analyzers. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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