Ultrasound-driven microbubble oscillation and translation within small phantom vessels

The use of ultrasound radiation force to manipulate microbubbles in blood vessels has attracted recent interest as a method to increase the efficiency of ultrasonic molecular imaging and drug delivery. However, recent studies indicate that microbubble oscillation is diminished within small blood vessels, and therefore we investigate microbubble oscillation and translation within 12 mu m vessels using high-speed photography. With each 0.1 to 1-MPa ultrasound pulse, microbubbles (radius of 1, 1.5 and 2 mu m) within 12 mu m tubes translate 5 to 10 times less than those within 200 mu m tubes. Application of a pulse train with a high pulse repetition frequency displaces bubbles to the wall of 12- and 200-mu m tubes within an interval (similar to 1 s) that is reasonable for clinical translation. Modeling of coupled oscillation and translation for unconstrained microbubbles, based on a modified Rayleigh-Plesset (RP) and the trajectory equations, is compared with experimental observations and demonstrates agreement for the larger displacements observed within the 200 mu m tubes. This study has implications for contrast-assisted ultrasound applications, aiding the manipulation of targeted microbubbles and for further theoretical understanding of the complex bubble dynamics within constrained vessel. (E-mail: kwferrara@ ucdavis.edu) (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.