Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
Volume 85, Issue 2, Pages 275-281Publisher
AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0176
Keywords
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Funding
- United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U01 AI062563]
- NIH Fogarty International Center AIDS International Training and Research Program [D43 PA-03-018]
- Duke Clinical Trials Unit and Clinical Research Sites [U01 AI069484]
- Duke University Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI 64518]
- BBSRC [BB/J010367/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/J010367/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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We enrolled consecutive febrile admissions to two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed leptospirosis was defined as a >= 4-fold increase in microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titer; probable leptospirosis as reciprocal MAT titer 800; and exposure to pathogenic leptospires as titer >= 100. Among 870 patients enrolled in the study, 453 (52.1%) had paired sera available, and 40 (8.8%) of these met the definition for confirmed leptospirosis. Of 832 patients with >= 1 serum sample available, 30 (3.6%) had probable leptospirosis and an additional 277 (33.3%) had evidence of exposure to pathogenic leptospires. Among those with leptospirosis the most common clinical diagnoses were malaria in 31 (44.3%) and pneumonia in 18 (25.7%). Leptospirosis was associated with living in a rural area (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, P <0.001). Among those with confirmed leptospirosis, the predominant reactive serogroups were Mini and Australis. Leptospirosis is a major yet underdiagnosed cause of febrile illness in northern Tanzania, where it appears to be endemic.
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