Journal
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Volume 41, Issue 38, Pages 8567-8578Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.012
Keywords
heavy metals; snow; Antarctica; Lambert Glacier basin; seasonal variation
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Al, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, As, Cd, Ba, Pb, Bi and U were determined in a continuous series of 46 snow samples from a 2.3-m snow pit, covering the time period from austral spring 1998 to summer 2002, at a site on the east side of the Lambert Glacier basin in East Antarctica. Concentrations are very low for all metals and differ by orders of magnitude from one metal to another, with the mean concentrations ranging from 0.028 pg g(-1) for Bi to 165 pg g(-1) for Al. It is estimated that anthropogenic contributions are dominant for Cu, Ph and probably As, in the snow in our study area while the natural contributions from rock and soil dust, sea-salt spray and volcanic emissions account for most of the measured concentrations of the other metals. Our snow profiles show pronounced seasonal variations for Mn, As, Ba, Pb and Bi throughout the year, but a very different situation is observed between different metals. These observations suggest that heavy metals determined in our samples are controlled by different transport and deposition mechanisms related to physical and chemical alterations in the properties and sources of aerosol. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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