Biospecific anchoring and spatially confined germination of bacterial spores in non-biofouling microwells

In this paper, we report a simple method for spatially confining Bacillus subtilis (BS) spores into semi-three dimensional, non-biofouling microwells by using biospecific (such as biotin-streptavidin) interactions. Non-biofouling poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based microwells were fabricated by employing a process of capillary molding on a glass slide. The biospecific interactions between biotinylated BS spores and streptavidin led to the selective deposition of BS spores onto the bottom of the microwells of which presented streptavidin. The viability of the patterned spores was confirmed by the induction of germination. Bacterial spores were found to maintain extreme robustness until they were exposed to favorable conditions. This work suggests that the use of bacterial spore-based sensors would increase the shelf-life (such as long-term storage and stability) of cell-based sensors. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.