Journal
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 12, Pages 2606-2611Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.152694
Keywords
FXR; vascular smooth muscle; iNOS; COX-2; cell migration
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust [074361/Z/04/Z] Funding Source: Medline
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Objective-The farnesoid X receptor/bile acid receptor (FXR; NR1H4) is a ligand- activated transcription factor that regulates bile acid and lipid homeostasis, and is highly expressed in enterohepatic tissue. FXR is also expressed in vascular tissue. We have investigated whether FXR regulates inflammation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods and Results-The FXR target gene, small heterodimer partner (SHP), was induced in vascular smooth muscle cells after treatment with synthetic FXR ligands, GW4064, or 6 alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid. FXR ligands induced smooth muscle cell death and downregulated interleukin (IL)-1 beta-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. In addition, FXR ligands suppressed smooth muscle cell migration stimulated by platelet- derived growth factor-BB. Reporter gene assays showed that FXR ligands activated an FXR reporter gene and suppressed IL-1 beta-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation and iNOS in a manner that required functional FXR and SHP. Conclusion-Our observations suggest that a FXR-SHP pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for vascular inflammation, remodeling, and atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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