Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 382, Issue 2, Pages 793-800Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12413.x
Keywords
cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; cosmology : miscellaneous; cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; large-scale structure of the Universe
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We investigate the possibility of using cosmological observations to probe and constrain an imperfect dark energy fluid. We consider a general parametrization of the dark energy component accounting for an equation of state, speed of sound and viscosity. We use present and future data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, large-scale structures and Type Ia supernovae. We find that both the speed of sound and viscosity parameters are difficult to nail down with the present cosmological data. Also, we argue that it will be hard to improve the constraints significantly with future CMB data sets. The implication is that a perfect fluid description might ultimately turn out to be a phenomenologically sufficient description of all the observational consequences of dark energy. The fundamental lesson is, however, that even then one cannot exclude, by appealing to observational evidence alone, the possibility of imperfectness in dark energy.
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