Targeted destruction of murine macrophage cells with bioconjugated gold nanorods

Gold nanorods manifest a readily tunable longitudinal plasmon resonance with light and consequently have potential for use in photothermal therapeutics. Recent work by others has shown how gold nanoshells and rods can be used to target cancer cells, which can then be destroyed using relatively high power laser radiation (similar to 1x10(5) to 1x10(10) W/m(2)). Here we extend this concept to demonstrate how gold nanorods can be modified to bind to target macrophage cells, and show that high intensity laser radiation is not necessary, with even 5x10(2) W/m(2) being sufficient, provided that a total fluence of similar to 30 J/cm(2) is delivered. We used the murine cell line RAW 264.7 and the monoclonal antibody CD11b, raised against murine macrophages, as our model system and a 5 mW solid state diode laser as our energy source. Exposure of the cells labeled with gold nanorods to a laser fluence of 30 J/cm(2) resulted in 81% cell death compared to only 0.9% in the control, non-labeled cells.