Journal
AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST
Volume 51, Issue 4, Pages 551-578Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0002764207307742
Keywords
Black/African American males; race-related stress; stereotypes; racism (gendered); college campus; racial microaggressions
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The present study examines the experiences of 36 Black male students, in focus group interviews, enrolled at Harvard University; Michigan State University; University of California, Berkeley; University of Illinois; and the University of Michigan. Two themes emerged: (a) anti-Black male stereotyping and marginality (or Black misandry), which caused (b) extreme hypersurveillance and control. Respondents experienced racial microaggressions in three domains: (a) campus-academic, (b) campus-social, and (c) campus-public spaces. Black males are stereotyped and placed under increased surveillance by community and local policing tactics on and off campus. Across these domains, Black males were defined as being out of place and fitting the description of illegitimate nonmembers of the campus community. Students reported psychological stress responses symptomatic of racial battle fatigue (e.g., frustration, shock, anger, disappointment, resentment, anxiety, helplessness, hopelessness, and fear). There was unanimous agreement in the subjective reports that the college environment was more hostile toward African American males than other groups.
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