Journal
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
Volume 92, Issue 12, Pages 2223-2230Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.04.017
Keywords
epoxy resin; clay; organophosphorous reactive amine flame retardant; flame retardance; degradation mechanism
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The flame retardant effect of newly synthesized phosphorus-containing reactive amine, which can be used both as crosslinking agent in epoxy resins and as a flame retardant, was investigated. The effect of montmorillonite and sepiolite additives on the fire induced degradation was compared to pristine epoxy resin. The effect of combining the organophosphorous amine with clay minerals was also studied. It could be concluded that the synthesized phosphorus-containing amine, TEDAP can substitute the traditional epoxy resin curing agents providing additionally excellent flame retardancy: the epoxy resins flame retarded this way reach 960 degrees C GWFI value, 33 LOI value and V-0 UL-94 rating - compared the 550 degrees C GWFI value, 21 LOI value and no rate UL-94 classification of the reference epoxy resin. The peak of heat release was reduced to 1/10 compared to non-flame retarded resin, furthermore a shift in time was observed, which increases the time to escape in case of fire. The flame retardant performance can be further improved by incorporating clay additives: the LOI and the HRR results showed that the optimum of flame retardant effect of clay additives is around 1 mass% filler level in AH-16-TEDAP system. Applying a complex method for mechanical and structural characterization of the intumescent char it was determined that the flame retarded system forms significantly more and stronger bar of better uniformity with smaller average bubble size. Incorporation of clay additives (owing to their bubble nucleating activity) results in further decrease in average bubble diameter. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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