Noninvasive diagnostic tools for nonmelanoma skin cancer

Minimally invasive diagnostic tools have received increased attention for diagnosis, screening and management of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Several modalities are commercially available, including high frequency ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy. While systematic clinical analyses are often lacking, recent reports have shown promising results for reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for diagnosis of actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma.