Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 312, Issue 1, Pages 384-395Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.09.034
Keywords
TGF-beta; palatogenesis; cleft palate; transforming growth factor; development; mouse
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL074862, R01 HL074862-04, R01 HL074862] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE013085-08, DE013085, R01 DE013085-07, R01 DE013085] Funding Source: Medline
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Although TGF-beta isoforms (TGF-beta 1-3) display very similar biochemical characteristics in vitro, it has been determined that they demonstrate different or even opposing effects in vivo. During embryogenesis, TGF-beta s play important roles in several developmental processes. Tgfb3 is strongly expressed in the prefusion palatal epithelium, and mice lacking Tgfb3 display a cleft of the secondary palate. To test whether the effect of TGF-beta 3 in palatogenesis is isoform-specific in vivo, we generated a knockin mouse by replacing the coding region of exon 1 in the Tgfb3 gene with the full-length Tgfb1 cDNA, which resulted in the expression of Tgfb1 in the Tgfb3 expressing domain. The homozygote knockin mice display a complete fusion at the mid-portion of the secondary palate, while the most anterior and posterior regions fail to fuse appropriately indicating that in vivo replacement of TGF-beta 3 with TGF-beta 1 can only partially correct the epithelial fusion defect of Tgfb3 knockout embryos. Palatal shelves of Tgfb1 knockin homozygote mice adhere, intercalate, and form characteristic epithelial triangles. However, decreased apoptosis in the midline epithelium, slower breakdown of the basement membrane and a general delay in epithelial fusion were observed when compared to control littermates. These results demonstrate an isoform-specific role for TGF-beta 3 in the palatal epithelium during palate formation, which cannot be fully substituted with TGF-beta 1. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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