Hypervelocity stars. III. The space density and ejection history of main-sequence stars from the galactic center

We report the discovery of three new unbound hypervelocity stars (HVSs), stars traveling with such extreme velocities that dynamical ejection from a massive black hole (MBH) is their only suggested origin. We also detect a population of possibly bound HVSs. The significant asymmetry we observe in the velocity distribution-we find 26 stars with v(rf) > 275 km s(-1) and one star with v(rf) < -275 km s(-1) -shows that HVSs must be short-lived, probably 3-4M(circle dot) main-sequence stars. Any population of hypervelocity post-main-sequence stars should contain stars falling back onto the Galaxy, contrary to the observations. The spatial distribution of HVSs also supports the main-sequence interpretation: longer lived 3M(circle dot) HVSs fill our survey volume; shorter lived 4M(circle dot) HVSs are missing at faint magnitudes. We infer that there are 96 +/- 10 HVSs of mass 3-4 M-circle dot within R < 100 kpc, possibly enough HVSs to constrain ejection mechanisms and potential models. Depending on the mass function of HVSs, we predict that SEGUE may find up to 5-15 new HVSs. The travel times of our HVSs favor a continuous ejection process, although a similar to 120 Myr old burst of HVSs is also allowed.