Journal
FEBS LETTERS
Volume 582, Issue 1, Pages 132-141Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.063
Keywords
leptin; ghrelin; arcuate nucleus; NPY; POMC; GABA; glutamate
Funding
- NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG022880, AG022880] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-074386, DK-060711, R01 DK060711, R01 DK074386] Funding Source: Medline
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Neuronal control of body energy homeostasis is the key mechanism by which animals and humans regulate their long-term energy balance. Various hypothalamic neuronal circuits (which include the hypothalamic melanocortin, midbrain dopamine reward and caudal brainstem autonomic feeding systems) control energy intake and expenditure to maintain body weight within a narrow range for long periods of a life span. Numerous peripheral metabolic hormones and nutrients target these structures providing feedback signals that modify the default settings of neuronal activity to accomplish this balance. A number of molecular genetic tools for manipulating individual components of brain energy homeostatic machineries, in combination with anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological and behavioral techniques, have been developed, which provide a means for elucidating the complex molecular and cellular mechanisms of feeding behavior and metabolism. This review will highlight some of these advancements and focus on the neuronal circuitries of energy homeostasis. (C) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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