Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 201-210Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803760
Keywords
smoking; pregnancy; overweight; meta-analysis; systematic review
Categories
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [K24 HL068041-08, HL 68041, R01 HL064925, HL 07374, K24 HL068041, R01 HL064925-07, T32 HL007374, HL 64925] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD 44807, K23 HD044807, R01 HD034568, R37 HD034568, R01 HD034568-08, HD 34568, K23 HD044807-05] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561-12, P30 DK040561] Funding Source: Medline
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Objective: Perform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between maternal prenatal cigarette smoking and child overweight. Design: Meta-analysis of observational studies. Data sources: Medline search and review of reference lists among studies published through June 2006. Review methods: Included studies reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of overweight among children at least 2 years of age. We did not include in the meta-analysis studies that provided only a continuous measure of adiposity, although those studies are discussed separately. Results: Based on results of 84 563 children reported in 14 observational studies, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were at elevated risk for overweight (pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) at ages 3-33 years, compared with children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The pooled estimate from unadjusted odds ratios (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.69) was similar to the adjusted estimate, suggesting that sociodemographic and behavioral differences between smokers and nonsmokers did not explain the observed association. Although we observed evidence for publication bias, simulating a symmetric set of studies yielded a similar estimate (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.55). Conclusions: Prenatal smoking exposure appears to increase rates of overweight in childhood. In parts of the world undergoing the epidemiologic transition, the continuing increase in smoking among young women could contribute to spiraling increases in rates of obesity-related health outcomes in the 21 st century.
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