Nephrographic and Pyelographic Analysis of CT Urography: Principles, Patterns, and Pathophysiology

OBJECTIVE. Careful analysis of the nephrogram is an integral component of the evaluation of the kidneys during CT urography. This is a review of the anatomy and physiology required to produce a normal nephrogram, as well as the basic principles affecting the interpretation of the nephrogram. CONCLUSION. The eight abnormal nephrographic patterns will be illustrated and discussed. This review will enable the reader to recognize and understand the abnormal nephrographic patterns encountered in practice.