Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 63, Issue 6, Pages 520-533Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00822.x
Keywords
Exosomes; FasL; MICA; B; microvesicles; placenta; ULBP
Categories
Funding
- Swedish National Cancer Research Foundation Cancerfonden [CAN 2008/627, 08 0360]
- Cancerforskningsfonden i Norrland [AMP 08-587]
- Insamlingsstiftelsen Umea University [223-438-07]
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Cell communication comprises cell-cell contact, soluble mediators and intercellular nanotubes. There is, however, another cell-cell communication by released membrane-bound microvesicles that convey cell-cell contact 'by proxy' transporting signals/packages of information from donor to recipient cells locally and/or at a distance. The nanosized exosomes comprise a specialized type of microvesicles generated within multivesicular bodies (MVB) and released upon MVB fusion with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are produced by a variety of immune, epithelial and tumor cells. Upon contact, exosomes transfer molecules that can render new properties and/or reprogram their recipient cells. Recently, it was discovered that the syncytiotrophoblast constitutively and throughout the pregnancy secretes exosomes. The placenta-derived exosomes are immunosuppressive and carry proteins and RNA molecules that in a redundant way influence a number of mechanisms and promote the fetal allograft survival. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the nature of placenta-derived exosomes and discuss their role in pregnancy.
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