Effect of obesity on pulmonary inflammation induced by acute ozone exposure: role of interleukin-6

To determine the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in the increased ozone (O-3)-induced inflammation and injury observed in obese vs. lean mice, lean wild-type and leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice were injected with anti-IL-6 antibody ( Ab) or isotype control Ab 24 h before exposure to either O-3 ( 2 ppm for 3 h) or room air. Four or 24 h after O-3 exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and the lungs were harvested for Western blotting. Anti-IL-6 Ab caused substantial reductions in O-3-induced increases in BAL IL-6 in mice of both genotypes. Four hours following O-3, ob/ob mice had increased BAL neutrophils compared with controls, and anti-IL-6-Ab virtually abolished this difference. At 24 h, O-3-induced increases in BAL protein and BAL serum albumin were augmented in ob/ob vs. wild-type mice, and anti-IL-6 Ab ablated these obesity-related differences in epithelial barrier injury. O-3 increased tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-3 and STAT-1. There was no effect of obesity on STAT-3 phosphorylation, whereas obesity decreased STAT-1 expression, resulting in reduced STAT-1 phosphorylation. IL-6 neutralization did not alter STAT-3 or STAT-1 phosphorylation in ob/ob or wild-type mice. O-3 increased BAL leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to a greater extent in obese than in lean mice, and LIF may account for effects on STAT phosphorylation. Our results suggest that IL-6 plays a complex role in pulmonary responses to O-3, a role that differs between wild-type and ob/ob mice. Moreover, obesity-related differences in activation of STAT proteins may contribute to some of the differences in the response of obese vs. lean mice.