Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 294, Issue 5, Pages L830-L840Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2008
Keywords
xanthine oxidase; xanthine dehydrogenase; respiratory diseases; cardiovascular diseases; reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress
Categories
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [F32 HL090297] Funding Source: Medline
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In addition to its critical role in purine metabolism, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been implicated in the development of tissue oxidative damage in a wide variety of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders such as acute lung injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and arterial hypertension. Although much remains to be clarified about the regulation and signaling pathways of this enzyme, it is quite evident from abundant investigation in animal models and some human trials that XOR inhibition can favorably alter critical disease processes and impact outcomes. From promising bench-to-bedside data, a better understanding of this enigmatic enzyme is emerging. However, the positive findings related to XOR inhibition need to be confirmed in large-scale, well-designed clinical trials. This will hopefully provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This article reviews the available evidence involving XOR in oxidative states with specific emphasis on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
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