Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 296, Issue 4, Pages G931-G935Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00001.2009
Keywords
diet; oils; mass spectrometry; deuterium
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 50420]
- Washington University Mass Spectrometry Resource [P41 RR00954]
- Washington University Diabetes Center [P60 DK20579]
- Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences
- Center for Applied Research Sciences [UL1 RR024992]
- Washington University Digestive Disease Center [P30 DK52574]
- Washington University Clinical Nutrition Research Center [P30 DK056341]
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Dietary phytosterols inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption and regulate whole body cholesterol excretion and balance. However, they are biochemically heterogeneous and a portion is glycosylated in some foods with unknown effects on biological activity. We tested the hypothesis that phytosterol glycosides reduce cholesterol absorption in humans. Phytosterol glycosides were extracted and purified from soy lecithin in a novel two-step process. Cholesterol absorption was measured in a series of three single-meal tests given at intervals of 2 wk to each of 11 healthy subjects. In a randomized crossover design, participants received similar to 300 mg of added phytosterols in the form of phytosterol glycosides or phytosterol esters, or placebo in a test breakfast also containing 30 mg cholesterol-d(7). Cholesterol absorption was estimated by mass spectrometry of plasma cholesterol-d(7) enrichment 4-5 days after each test. Compared with the placebo test, phytosterol glycosides reduced cholesterol absorption by 37.6 +/- 4.8% (P < 0.0001) and phytosterol esters 30.6 +/- 3.9% (P = 0.0001). These results suggest that natural phytosterol glycosides purified from lecithin are bioactive in humans and should be included in methods of phytosterol analysis and tables of food phytosterol content.
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