Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
Volume 298, Issue 3, Pages E449-E466Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00559.2009
Keywords
mathematical model; energy metabolism; macronutrient metabolism; body composition
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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Hall KD. Predicting metabolic adaptation, body weight change, and energy intake in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298: E449-E466, 2010. First published November 24, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00559.2009.-Complex interactions between carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism underlie the body's remarkable ability to adapt to a variety of diets. But any imbalances between the intake and utilization rates of these macronutrients will result in changes in body weight and composition. Here, I present the first computational model that simulates how diet perturbations result in adaptations of fuel selection and energy expenditure that predict body weight and composition changes in both obese and nonobese men and women. No model parameters were adjusted to fit these data other than the initial conditions for each subject group (e.g., initial body weight and body fat mass). The model provides the first realistic simulations of how diet perturbations result in adaptations of whole body energy expenditure, fuel selection, and various metabolic fluxes that ultimately give rise to body weight change. The validated model was used to estimate free-living energy intake during a long-term weight loss intervention, a variable that has never previously been measured accurately.
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