Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases

Chang TY, Li BL, Chang CC, Urano Y. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297: E1-E9, 2009. First published January 13, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90926.2008.-The enzymes acylcoenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs) are membrane-bound proteins that utilize long-chain fatty acyl-CoA and cholesterol as substrates to form cholesteryl esters. In mammals, two isoenzymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2, encoded by two different genes, exist. ACATs play important roles in cellular cholesterol homeostasis in various tissues. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on ACAT-related research in two areas: 1) ACAT genes and proteins and 2) ACAT enzymes as drug targets for atherosclerosis and for Alzheimer's disease.