Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Volume 143, Issue 4, Pages 555-569Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21350
Keywords
mitochondrial DNA; complete sequence; the Tibetan Plateau; last glacial maximum
Categories
Funding
- National Geographic Society
- IBM
- Waitt Family Foundation
- National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China [30625016]
- National Science Foundation of China [30760097, 30771180, 30890034]
- 863 Program [2007AA02Z312]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [10ZR1402200]
- Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project [B111]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [200902208]
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As the highest plateau surrounded by towering mountain ranges, the Tibetan Plateau was once considered to be one of the last populated areas of modern humans. However, this view has been tremendously changed by archeological, linguistic, and genetic findings in the past 60 years. Nevertheless, the timing and routes of entry of modern humans into the Tibetan Plateau is still unclear. To make these problems clear, we carried out high-resolution mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) analyses on 562 Tibeto-Burman inhabitants from nine different regions across the plateau. By examining the mtDNA haplogroup distributions and their principal components, we demonstrated that maternal diversity on the plateau reflects mostly a northern East Asian ancestry. Furthermore, phylogeographic analysis of plateau-specific sublineages based on 31 complete mtDNA sequences revealed two primary components: pre-last glacial maximum (LGM) inhabitants and post-LGM immigrants. Also, the analysis of one major pre-LGM sublineage A10 showed a strong signal of post-LGM population expansion (about 15,000 years ago) and greater diversity in the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, indicating the southern plateau as a refuge place when climate dramatically changed during LGM. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:555-569, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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