Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis: Clinical Characteristics and Long-term Outcomes in a French Series

PURPOSE: To report the characteristics of cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (CMV AU) and the comparative response to 2 types of antiviral induction treatments. DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series. METHODS: Consecutive immunocompetent patients with polymerase chain reaction positive CMV AU were included. For each patient, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (TOP), clinical characteristics at baseline and latest visit, and number of relapses were recorded. All patients received an induction dose of intravenous (IV) ganciclovir or oral valganciclovir and a maintenance dose of oral valganciclovir. RESULTS: Thirty-six eyes of 35 patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 55.5 years. Mean follow-up was 4.13 years. Posner-Schlossman and chronic nonspecific AU were observed in 69.4% and 30.6% of cases, respectively. We did not observe any case of Fuchs uveitis or endotheliitis. At baseline, mean BCVA was 20/25 and mean IOP was 29.19 mm Hg. Keratic precipitates and iris atrophy were seen in 91.4% and 25.7% of cases. Induction therapy consisted of oral valganciclovir and IV ganciclovir in 40% and 60% of cases. A total of 94.2% of patients responded to the first line of therapy. Recurrence was reported in 73.5% of cases. Glaucoma surgery was necessary in 25.7% of cases. Early initiation of antiviral therapy (<= 700 days) seemed to decrease the recourse to glaucoma surgery. Both IV and oral induction treatments seemed similar in terms of BCVA changes and occurrence of relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of CMV AU seem to show specificities in this French cohort. Early initiation of antiviral therapy seems to reduce the severity of glaucoma. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.