Classification of Black Beans Using Visible and Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

A rapid and non-destructive method based on the visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique in the wavelength range of 390-1050 nm was investigated for discriminating the varieties of black beans. In total, 300 samples of three varieties were scanned by the visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging system, and hyperspectral data were analyzed by spectral and image processing technique respectively. A successive projection algorithm was used to obtain 13 characteristic wavelengths (504, 507, 512, 516, 522, 529, 692, 733, 766, 815, 933, 998, and 1000 nm) for spectral analysis. After the processing of successive projection algorithm, optimal image selection was carried out by principal component analysis based on the characteristic wavelengths. The first principal component image was used for the image analysis, whose contribution rate was over 98.34%. Gray level co-occurrence matrix analysis from first principal component image was applied to extract image features including 16 textural features and six morphological features. In this study, partial least squares-discriminate analysis, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbors were used for model establishments, respectively, based on spectral feature, image feature, and the combination of spectral and image features. The results show that the best correct discrimination rate of 98.33% was achieved by applying combined spectral and image features. The study demonstrated that visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique was potential for rapid classification of black beans, and the performance of the classification model can be improved by the feature combination.