4.7 Article

Identification and quantification of the caproic acid-producing bacterium Clostridium kluyveri in the fermentation of pit mud used for Chinese strong-aroma type liquor production

Journal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 214, Issue -, Pages 116-122

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.032

Keywords

Clostridium kluyveri; Caproic acid; Chinese strong-aroma type liquor; Fermentation pit mud; Real-time qPCR; Culture; Dependent and Independent approaches

Funding

  1. National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2012AA021301, 2013AA102108]
  2. National Nature Science Foundation of China [31000806, 31371822, 31271921]
  3. Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province among Industries, Universities and Institutes [BY2010116]
  4. Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111 Project) [111-2-06]

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Chinese strong-aroma type liquor (CSAL) is a popular distilled alcoholic beverage in China. It is produced by a complex fermentation process that is conducted in pits in the ground. Ethyl caproate is a key flavor compound in CSAL and is thought to originate from caproic acid produced by Clostridia inhabiting the fermentation pit mud. However, the particular species of Clostridium associated with this production are poorly understood and problematic to quantify by culturing. In this study, a total of 28 closest relatives including 15 Clostridia and 8 Bacilli species in pit muds from three CSAL distilleries, were detected by culture-dependent and -independent methods. Among them, Clostridium kluyveri was identified as the main producer of caproic acid. One representative strain C. kluyveri N6 could produce caproic, butyric and octanoic acids and their corresponding ethyl esters, contributing significantly to CSAL flavor. A real time quantitative PCR assay of C kluyveri in pit muds developed showed that a concentration of 1.79 x 10(7) 16S rRNA gene copies/g pit mud in LZ-old pit was approximately six times higher than that in HLM and YH pits and sixty times higher than that in 12-new pit respectively. This method can be used to improve the management of pit mud microbiology and its impact on CSAL quality. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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