Journal
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages 1814-1827Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm208
Keywords
cerebral blood flow; epilepsy; fMRI; hippocampus; neuroimaging; neurovascular coupling
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Funding
- NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC-003710] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007205] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH-067528] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS-049307, P30 NS-052519] Funding Source: Medline
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Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used in neuroscience to study brain activity. However, BOLD fMRI does not measure neuronal activity directly but depends on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) consumption. Using fMRI, CBV, CBF, neuronal recordings, and CMRO(2) modeling, we investigated how the signals are related during seizures in rats. We found that increases in hemodynamic, neuronal, and metabolic activity were associated with positive BOLD signals in the cortex, but with negative BOLD signals in hippocampus. Our data show that negative BOLD signals do not necessarily imply decreased neuronal activity or CBF, but can result from increased neuronal activity, depending on the interplay between hemodynamics and metabolism. Caution should be used in interpreting fMRI signals because the relationship between neuronal activity and BOLD signals may depend on brain region and state and can be different during normal and pathological conditions.
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