Journal
STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE PART C-STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Volume 39, Issue 3, Pages 314-325Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2008.06.005
Keywords
Biogeography; Microbial biogeography; Historical biogeography; Ecological biogeography; Martinus Wilhelm Beijerinck; Delft school of microbiology
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Funding
- British Academy
- UK Arts and Humanities Research Council
- UK's Economic and Social Research Council's Centre for Genomics in Society (University of Exeter)
- ESRC [ES/F024738/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Recent discoveries of geographical patterns in microbial distribution are undermining microbiology's exclusively ecological explanations of biogeography and their fundamental assumption that 'everything is everywhere: but the environment selects'. This statement was generally promulgated by Dutch microbiologist Martinus Wilhelm Beijerinck early in the twentieth century and specifically articulated in 1934 by his compatriot, Lourens G. M. Baas Becking. The persistence of this precept throughout twentieth-century microbiology raises a number of issues in relation to its formulation and widespread acceptance. This paper will trace the conceptual history of Beijerinck's claim that 'everything is everywhere' in relation to a more general account of its theoretical, experimental and institutional context. His principle also needs to be situated in relationship to plant and animal biogeography, which, this paper will argue, forms a continuum of thought with microbial biogeography. Finally, a brief overview of the contemporary microbiological research challenging 'everything is everywhere' reveals that philosophical issues from Beijerinck's era of microbiology still provoke intense discussion in twenty-first century investigations of microbial biogeography. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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