Journal
ENERGY ECONOMICS
Volume 30, Issue 5, Pages 2265-2282Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2007.06.003
Keywords
CO2 emissions; stochastic convergence; panel stationarity; multiple breaks; cross-sectional dependence
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This paper examines the existence of stochastic and deterministic convergence of carbon dioxide (CO,) emissions in 23 countries over the period 1960-2002. For that purpose, we conduct unit root testing by employing the recently developed panel stationarity test of Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. [Carrion-i-Silvestre, J-L, del Barrio-Castro, T., Lopez-Bazo, E., 2005. Breaking the panels: An application to the GDP per capita. Econometrics Journal 8, 159-175] which assumes a highly flexible trend function by incorporating an unknown number of structural breaks. We accommodate general forms of cross-sectional dependence as well as control for finite-sample bias through bootstrap methods. Overall, our analysis provides strong evidence supporting both stochastic and deterministic convergence in CO, emissions, thus confirming Strazicich and List [Strazicich, M.C., List, J.A., 2003. Are CO2 emission levels converging among industrial countries? Environmental and Resource Economics 24, 263-271] and Westerlund and Basher [Westerlund, J., Basher, S.A., 2007. Testing for convergence in carbon dioxide emissions using a century of panel data. Environmental and Resource Economics, forthcoming] findings of convergence. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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