Changes in health care-associated infection prevention practices in Japan: Results from 2 national surveys

Background: A national survey conducted in 2012 revealed that the rates of regular use of many evidence-based practices to prevent device-associated infections were low in Japanese hospitals. We conducted a second survey 4 years later to evaluate changes in infection prevention practices. Methods: Between July 2016 and January 2017, the instrument used in a survey of Japanese hospitals in 2012 was sent to 1,456 Japanese hospitals. The survey assessed general hospital and infection prevention program characteristics and use of practices specific to preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Independent sample chi-square tests were used to compare prevention practice rates between the first and second surveys. Results: A total of 685/971 (71%) and 940/1,456 (65%) hospitals responded to the first and second surveys, respectively. For CAUTI, only use of bladder ultrasound scanners (11.1% - 18.1%; P < .001) increased. For CLABSI, use of chlorhexidine gluconate for insertion site antisepsis (18.5% - 41.1%; P < .001), antimicrobial dressing with chlorhexidine (3.4% - 7.1%; P = .001), and central line insertion bundle (22.9% - 33.0%; P < .001) increased. For VAP, use of semirecumbent positioning of patients (65.0% - 72.3%; P = .002), sedation vacation (31.5% - 41.6%; P < .001), oscillating/kinetic beds (4.7% - 8.6%; P = .002), and a collective VAP prevention bundle (24.8% - 34.8%; P < .001) increased. Fewer than 50% of Japanese hospitals reported conducting CAUTI and VAP surveillance. Conclusions: Collaborative approaches and stronger incentives promoting infection prevention efforts may be warranted to further increase use of most evidence-based practices to reduce common health care-associated infections in Japan. (C) 2018 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.. All rights reserved.