Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
Volume 93, Issue 3, Pages 422-438Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.006
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health grant [GM100233]
- National Science Foundation HOMINID grant [1032255]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowships
- UKIERI Major Award [RG-4772]
- Network Project fund from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India [GENESIS: BSC0121]
- Bhatnagar Fellowship grant from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of the Government of India
- J.C. Bose Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
- Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [1032255] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Most Indian groups descend from a mixture of two genetically divergent populations: Ancestral North Indians (AND related to Central Asians, Middle Easterners, Caucasians, and Europeans; and Ancestral South Indians (ASI) not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent. The date of mixture is unknown but has implications for understanding Indian history. We report genome-wide data from 73 groups from the Indian subcontinent and analyze linkage disequilibrium to estimate ANI-ASI mixture dates ranging from about 1,900 to 4,200 years ago. In a subset of groups, 100% of the mixture is consistent with having occurred during this period. These results show that India experienced a demographic transformation several thousand years ago, from a region in which major population mixture was common to one in which mixture even between closely related groups became rare because of a shift to endogamy.
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