Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
Volume 93, Issue 3, Pages 482-495Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.016
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Funding
- Fondazione Telethon [GGP11011, GPP10005]
- CARIPLO Foundation, Italy [2011/0526]
- Italian Ministry of Health [GR2010-2316392]
- Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Foundation of Italy
- Italian Association of Mitochondrial Disease Patients and Families (Mitocon)
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [0315494A]
- German Network for Mitochondrial Disorders [01GM0867, 01GM1113C]
- E-rare grant GenoMit [JTC2011, 01GM1207, FWF I 920-B13]
- EU FP7 Mitochondrial European Educational Training project (Meet)
- European Research Council [FP7-322424]
- Medical Research Council (UK)
- Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh [301]
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute
- National Institutes of Health [R03-DK082446, R01-EY012910, P30EY014104-MEEI, 1G20RR030939]
- Foerderer Award for Excellence from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute
- Telethon Italy [GTB12001]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 920] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_UP_1002/1, MC_U105674181] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_UP_1002/1, MC_U105674181] Funding Source: UKRI
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Whole-exome sequencing and autozygosity mapping studies, independently performed in subjects with defective combined mitochondrial OXPHOS-enzyme deficiencies, identified a total of nine disease-segregating FBXL4 mutations in seven unrelated mitochondrial disease families, composed of six singletons and three siblings. All subjects manifested early-onset lactic acidemia, hypotonia, and developmental delay caused by severe encephalomyopathy consistently associated with progressive cerebral atrophy and variable involvement of the white matter, deep gray nuclei, and brainstem structures. A wide range of other multisystem features were variably seen, including dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, poor growth, gastrointestinal dysmotility, renal tubular acidosis, seizures, and episodic metabolic failure. Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency was present in muscle or fibroblasts of all tested individuals, together with markedly reduced oxygen consumption rate and hyperfragmentation of the mitochondrial network in cultured cells. In muscle and fibroblasts from several subjects, substantially decreased mtDNA content was observed. FBXL4 is a member of the F-box family of proteins, some of which are involved in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and/or G protein receptor coupling. We also demonstrate that FBXL4 is targeted to mitochondria and localizes in the intermembrane space, where it participates in an approximately 400 kDa protein complex. These data strongly support a role for FBXL4 in controlling bioenergetic homeostasis and mtDNA maintenance. FBXL4 mutations are a recurrent cause of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy onset in early infancy.
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