4.3 Article

Growth Patterns in Early Childhood and Final Attained Stature: Data from Five Birth Cohorts from Low- And Middle-Income Countries

Journal

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages 353-359

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20998

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Wellcome Trust (UK)
  2. U.S. National Institutes of Health
  3. U.S. National Science Foundation
  4. Nestle Foundation
  5. Thrasher Foundation
  6. American Heart Association
  7. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics
  8. Indian Council of Medical Research
  9. British Heart Foundation
  10. Medical Research Council UK
  11. Fogarty International Center
  12. Human Sciences Research Council
  13. South African Medical Research Council
  14. Mellon Foundation
  15. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
  16. MRC [MC_U147585821, G0400519] Funding Source: UKRI
  17. Medical Research Council [MC_U147585821, G0400519, U1475000003] Funding Source: researchfish

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Growth failure is cumulative, and short stature is associated with multiple indices of reduced human capital. Few studies have been able to address in a single analysis both consideration of the timing of growth failure and comparison across populations. We analyzed data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa (n = 4,659). We used data on length at birth (available for three of the five cohorts), 12 mo, 24 mo, and mid-childhood to construct cohort- and sex- specific conditional length measures. We modeled adult height as a function of conditional length in childhood. The five cohorts experienced varying degrees of growth failure. As adults, the Brazil sample was 0.35 +/- 0.89 standard deviations (SD) below the World Health Organization reference, while adult Guatemalans were 1.91 +/- 0.87 SD below the reference. All five cohorts experienced a nadir in height for age Z-score at 24 mo. Birth length (in the three cohorts with this variable), and conditional length at 12 mo (in all five cohorts) were the most strongly associated with adult height. Growth in the periods 12-24 mo and 24 mo to mid-childhood showed inconsistent patterns across tertiles of adult height. Despite variation in the magnitude of cumulative growth failure across cohorts, the five cohorts show highly consistent age-specific associations with adult stature. Growth failure prior to age 12 mo was most strongly associated with adult stature. These consistencies speak to the importance of interventions to address intrauterine growth failure and growth failure in the first 12 mo of life. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:353-359, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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