Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 174, Issue 11, Pages 1286-1295Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr254
Keywords
anencephaly; ascorbic acid; neural tube defects; nitrites; nitrosation; pharmaceutical preparations; spinal dysraphism
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health [5R01ES015634, 3R01ES015634-03S1]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Texas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention [U50/CCU613232]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Nitrosatable drugs, such as secondary or tertiary amines and amides, form N-nitroso compounds in the presence of nitrite. Various N-nitroso compounds have been associated with neural tube defects in animal models. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the authors examined nitrosatable drug exposure 1 month before and 1 month after conception in 1,223 case mothers with neural tube defect-affected pregnancies and 6,807 control mothers who delivered babies without major congenital anomalies from 1997 to 2005. Nitrite intakes were estimated from mothers' responses to a food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for maternal race/ethnicity, educational level, and folic acid supplementation, case women were more likely than were control women to have taken tertiary amines (odds ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31, 1.95). This association was strongest with anencephalic births (odds ratio = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.73); odds ratios associated with tertiary amines from the lowest tertile of nitrite intake to the highest tertile were 1.16 (95% CI: 0.59, 2.29), 2.19 (95% CI: 1.25, 3.86), and 2.51 (95% CI: 1.45, 4.37), respectively. Odds ratios for anencephaly with nitrosatable drug exposure were reduced among women who also took daily vitamin supplements that contained vitamin C. Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs may increase the risk of neural tube defects, especially in conjunction with a mother's higher dietary intake of nitrites, but vitamin C might modulate this association.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available