Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 169, Issue 4, Pages 489-496Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn348
Keywords
aluminum; Alzheimer disease; cognition; dementia; silicon dioxide; water; water supply
Categories
Funding
- Agence de Bassin Seine-Normandie
- Aluminum Pechiney
- Association pour la Recherche Biome medicale (Institut du Cerveau)
- Association Recherche et Partage
- Assurances-Association Generale Interprofessionnelle de Prevoyance et d'Investissement
- Groupe Danone
- Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salaries
- Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie de la Dordogne
- Caisse de Prevoyance des Industries Metallurgiques
- Mecaniques, Electriques et Connexes, Conseil General de la Dordogne
- Conseil General de la Gironde
- Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine
- Caisse de Retraite Interentreprises
- Direction Regionale des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales d'Aquitaine, 2010 Media, Fondation de France
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale
- Ministere de la Recherche et de la Technologie
- Mutualite Sociale Agricole de la Dordogne
- Mutualite Sociale Agricole de la Gironde
- Novartis Pharma, IPSEN [Institut de Produits de Synthese et d'Extraction Naturelle] Laboratories
- SCOR Insurance Group
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The authors examined associations between exposure to aluminum or silica from drinking water and risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease among elderly subjects followed for 15 years (1988-2003). They actively searched for incident cases of dementia among persons aged 65 years or over living in 91 civil drinking-water areas in southern France. Two measures of exposure to aluminum were assessed: geographic exposure and individual exposure, taking into account daily consumption of tap water and bottled water. A total of 1,925 subjects who were free of dementia at baseline and had reliable water assessment data were analyzed. Using random-effects models, the authors found that cognitive decline with time was greater in subjects with a higher daily intake of aluminum from drinking water (>= 0.1 mg/day, P = 0.005) or higher geographic exposure to aluminum. Using a Cox model, a high daily intake of aluminum was significantly associated with increased risk of dementia. Conversely, an increase of 10 mg/day in silica intake was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (adjusted relative risk = 0.89, P = 0.036). However, geographic exposure to aluminum or silica from tap water was not associated with dementia. High consumption of aluminum from drinking water may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
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