Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 168, Issue 12, Pages 1343-1352Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn259
Keywords
communicable disease control; immunization; influenza, human; influenza vaccines; models, theoretical; research design
Categories
Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI32042, R01 AI032042] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [U01 GM070749, U01-GM070749] Funding Source: Medline
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In this paper, the authors provide estimates of 4 measures of vaccine efficacy for live, attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccine based on secondary analysis of 5 experimental influenza challenge studies in seronegative adults and community-based vaccine trials. The 4 vaccine efficacy measures are for susceptibility (VES), symptomatic illness given infection (VEP), infection and illness (VESP), and infectiousness (VEI). The authors also propose a combined (VEC) measure of the reduction in transmission in the entire population based on all of the above efficacy measures. Live influenza vaccine and inactivated vaccine provided similar protection against laboratory-confirmed infection (for live vaccine: VES = 41%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 15, 66; for inactivated vaccine: VES = 43%, 95% CI: 8, 79). Live vaccine had a higher efficacy for illness given infection (VEP = 67%, 95% CI: 24, 100) than inactivated vaccine (VEP = 29%, 95% CI: -19, 76), although the difference was not statistically significant. VESP for the live vaccine was higher than for the inactivated vaccine. VEI estimates were particularly low for these influenza vaccines. VESP and VEC can remain high for both vaccines, even when VEI is relatively low, as long as the other 2 measures of vaccine efficacy are relatively high.
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