Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 7, Issue 24, Pages 13457-13466Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02478
Keywords
magnetite; crystallite size; agglomerate; transmission X-ray microscopy; lithium-ion battery; ultramicrotome
Funding
- Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012673]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Gertrude and Maurice Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship Program
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When electroactive nanomaterials are fully incorporated into an electrode structure, characterization of the crystallite sizes, agglomerate sizes, and dispersion of the electroactive materials can lend insight into the complex electrochemistry associated with composite electrodes. In this study, composite magnetite electrodes were sectioned using ultramicrotome techniques, which facilitated the direct observation of crystallites and agglomerates of magnetite (Fe3O4) as well as their dispersal patterns in large representative sections of electrode, via 2D cross sectional analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Further, the electrochemistry of these electrodes were recorded, and Transmission X-ray Microscopy (TXM) was used to determine the distribution of oxidation states of the reduced magnetite. Unexpectedly, while two crystallite sizes of magnetite were employed in the production of the composite electrodes, the magnetite agglomerate sizes and degrees of dispersion in the two composite electrodes were similar to each other. This observation illustrates the necessity for careful characterization of composite electrodes, in order to understand the effects of crystallite size, agglomerate size, and level of dispersion on electrochemistry.
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