Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 95, Issue 5, Pages 1254-1260Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.016543
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Funding
- EU Food Quality [FP6-2005-513946]
- Aria
- Astellas Pharma
- Novo
- Danone Medical Nutrition
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung
- German Diabetes Foundation
- German Research Foundation DFG
- Bayer
- Rettenmayer and Soehne
- Tanita UK
- World Cancer Research Fund
- Tanita
- WeightWatchers
- Coca-Cola
- Sanofi-Aventis
- Unilever
- Institute Danone
- Milcom-Dairy Research Institute of the Federation of the Food and Drink Industries of the Czech Republic
- Novo Nordisk
- Abbott Laboratories
- Merck
- Pfizer
- Nutrition and Sante (Belgium)
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105960389, MC_U106188470] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_U106188470, MC_U105960389] Funding Source: UKRI
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Background: Differences in the interindividual response to dietary intervention could be modified by genetic variation in nutrient-sensitive genes. Objective: This study examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in presumed nutrient-sensitive candidate genes for obesity and obesity-related diseases for main and dietary interaction effects on weight, waist circumference, and fat mass regain over 6 mo. Design: In total, 742 participants who had lost >= 8% of their initial body weight were randomly assigned to follow 1 of 5 different ad libitum diets with different glycemic indexes and contents of dietary protein. The SNP main and SNP-diet interaction effects were analyzed by using linear regression models, corrected for multiple testing by using Bonferroni correction and evaluated by using quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots. Results: After correction for multiple testing, none of the SNPs were significantly associated with weight, waist circumference, or fat mass regain. Q-Q plots showed that ALOX5AP rs4769873 showed a higher observed than predicted P value for the association with less waist circumference regain over 6 mo (-3.1 cm/allele; 95% CI: -4.6, -1.6; P/Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.000039/0.076), independently of diet. Additional associations were identified by using Q-Q plots for SNPs in ALOX5AP, TNF, and KCNJ11 for main effects; in LPL and TUB for glycemic index interaction effects on waist circumference regain; in GHRL, CCK, MLXIPL, and LEPR on weight; in PPARC1A, PCK2, ALOX5AP, PYY, and ADRB3 on waist circumference; and in PPARD, FABP1, PLAUR, and LPIN1 on fat mass regain for dietary protein interaction. Conclusion: The observed effects of SNP-diet interactions on weight, waist, and fat mass regain suggest that genetic variation in nutrient-sensitive genes can modify the response to diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1254-60.
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