Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 94, Issue 2, Pages 527-533Publisher
AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.013334
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Funding
- National Institute on Aging [AG-023629]
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-85239, N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, U01 HL080295]
- National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements [R01 HL 085710-01]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 HL094555, AG-15928, AG-20098, AG-027058, R01 HL-075366]
- University of Pittsburgh Claude D Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30-AG-024827]
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Harvard Medical School
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sigma Tau
- Pronova
- Aramark
- Unilever
- SPRIM
- Norwegian Seafood Export Council
- Nutrition Impact
- UpTo-Date
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Background: Although long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) consumption estimated via food-frequency questionnaires has been associated with a higher incidence of diabetes, limited prospective data on diabetes risk are available that use objective biomarkers of n-3 FAs. Objective: We sought to examine the relation between plasma phospholipid n-3 FAs and incident diabetes. Design: We prospectively analyzed data in 3088 older men and women (mean age: 75 y) from the Cardiovascular Health Study (1992-2007). Plasma phospholipid n-3 FAs were measured by using gas chromatography, and incident diabetes was ascertained by using information on hypoglycemic agents and serum glucose. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate multivariable-adjusted relative risks. Results: During a median follow-up of 10.6 y, 204 new cases of diabetes occurred. In a multivariable model that controlled for age, sex, race, clinic site, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, LDL cholesterol, and linoleic acid, relative risks (95% CIs) for diabetes were 1.0 (reference), 0.96 (0.65, 1.43), 1.03 (0.69, 1.54), and 0.64 (0.41, 1.01) across consecutive quartiles of phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (P for trend = 0.05). Corresponding relative risks (95% CIs) for phospholipid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were 1.0 (reference), 0.93 (0.65, 1.34), 0.99 (0.68, 1.44), and 0.57 (0.36, 0.90) (P for trend = 0.03). Conclusions: With the use of objective biomarkers, long-chain n-3 FAs and ALA were not associated with a higher incidence of diabetes. Individuals with the highest concentrations of both types of FAs had lower risk of diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:527-33.
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