Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 92, Issue 3, Pages 594-602Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29292
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Funding
- Foundation for Medical Research
- French Ministry of Research
- Institut Federatif de Recherche
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Human Nutrition National Research
- French Association for Diabetes Research
- French Ministry of Health
- French Agency for Environment Security
- French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance
- Paris-Sud University
- French National Institute for Health Education
- Nestle
- National Education Health Insurance
- French Speaking Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism
- National Agency for Research
- National Institute for Research in Public Health
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Background: Growth velocity in the first months of postnatal life has been associated with later overweight and obesity. Objective: We analyzed prenatal and postnatal factors in association with weight, length, and growth velocities in the first 3 mo of life. Design: We estimated weight, length, and instantaneous weight- and length-growth velocities (in g/d and mm/d) in 1418 term infants at 1 and 3 mo of age and evaluated the following potential determinants: maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), 1-h plasma glucose concentrations during pregnancy, smoking, socioeconomic status, parity, paternal BMI, parental heights, and infant feeding, gestational age, and sex. Results: Maternal obesity and plasma glucose concentrations were associated with the weights and lengths of offspring at birth but not at 1 and 3 mo after birth. In contrast, there was no association between paternal BMI and anthropometric measures of offspring at birth, but by 3 mo of age infants of obese fathers had significantly higher weights and weight-growth velocities than did infants of fathers with a normal BMI. Maternal weight gain was a significant predictor of weight at birth and 3 mo of age. Exclusively breastfed infants had a slower weight-growth velocity as early as I mo of age compared with exclusively formula-fed infants. Conclusions: In the first 3 mo of life, the positive associations between maternal obesity, plasma glucose concentrations, and infant anthropometric measures at birth seem to progressively fade away, whereas the emerging association with paternal BMI may indicate an early postnatal influence of paternal genetics. Among the determinants we evaluated, some are potentially modifiable, such as maternal gestational weight gain and infant feeding. The identification of optimal patterns of growth remains crucial before providing any clinical recommendations. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:594-602.
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