Trends in 24-h urinary sodium excretion in the United States, 1957-2003 a systematic review

Background Few studies have examined temporal trends in sodium intake in the US population Collections of 24-h urine sodium excretions are reliable markers for dietary sodium Intake Objective We examined temporal trends in 24 h urine sodium excretions to estimate temporal trends in sodium intake in the US population Design We performed a systematic search of English-language articles in MEDLINE for studies that reported collections of 24 h urine sodium excretions in the United States We estimated mean urine sodium excretions over time for all studies and demographic subgroups Results We analyzed 38 studies which dated from 1957 to 2003 and estimated a mean (+/- SE) 24 h urine sodium excretion per per son of 3526 +/- 75 mg Na In a multivariate random effects model with study year sex age, and race the study year was not associated with any significant change in sodium excretions (coefficient = 154 mg Na 24 h(-1) 10 y(-1) 95% CI -140 448 mg Na 24 h(-1) 10 y(-1)) In subgroup analyses there was no significant temporal trend seen in male female black or white study participants Conclusion Sodium intake in the US adult population appears to be well above current guidelines and does not appear to have de creased with time Am J Clin Nutt 2010 92 1172-80