Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 89, Issue 6, Pages 1799-1807Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27338
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Funding
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]
- National Institutes of Health [AG14759, HL69272, T32HL69772]
- American Heart Association [0515605T]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [T32HL069772, R01HL069272] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [R01AG014759] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. A preventive role for vitamin K in CAC progression has been proposed on the basis of the properties of matrix Gla protein (MGP) as a vitamin K-dependent calcification inhibitor. Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation on CAC progression in older men and women. Design: CAC was measured at baseline and after 3 y of follow-up in 388 healthy men and postmenopausal women; 200 received a multivitamin with 500 mu g phylloquinone/d (treatment), and 188 received a multivitamin alone (control). Results: In an intention-to-treat analysis, there was no difference in CAC progression between the phylloquinone group and the control group; the mean (+/- SEM) changes in Agatston scores were 27 +/- 6 and 37 +/- 7, respectively. In a subgroup analysis of participants who were >= 85% adherent to supplementation (n = 367), there was less CAC progression in the phylloquinone group than in the control group (P = 0.03). Of those with preexisting CAC (Agatston score > 10), those who received phylloquinone supplements had 6% less progression than did those who received the multivitamin alone (P = 0.04). Phylloquinone-associated decreases in CAC progression were independent of changes in serum MGP. MGP carboxylation status was not determined. Conclusions: Phylloquinone supplementation slows the progression of CAC in healthy older adults with preexisting CAC, independent of its effect on total MGP concentrations. Because our data are hypothesis-generating, further studies are warranted to clarify this mechanism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00183001. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1799-807.
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