Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 89, Issue 5, Pages 1383-1392Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27139
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust of the United Kingdom
- US National Institutes of Health and the US National Science Foundation
- Wellcome Trust's Health
- US National Center for Health Statistics and the Indian Council of Medical Research
- British Heart Foundation
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Human Sciences Research Council
- South African Medical Research Council
- Mellon Foundation
- Anglo American Chairman's Fund
- Cebu, Philippines
- US National Institutes of Health
- Fogarty International Center [R01 TW05596]
- MRC [MC_U147585821, G0400519] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U147585821, G0400519, U1475000003] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: Promoting catch-up growth in malnourished children has health benefits, but recent evidence suggests that accelerated child weight gain increases adult chronic disease risk. Objective: We aimed to determine how birth weight (BW) and weight gain to midchildhood relate to blood pressure (BP) in young adults. Design: We pooled data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. We used conditional weight (CW), a residual of current weight regressed on prior weights, to represent deviations from expected weight gain from 0 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 48 mo, and 48 mo to adulthood. Adult BP and risk of prehypertension or hypertension (P/HTN) were modeled before and after adjustment for adult body mass index (BMI) and height. Interactions of CWs with small size-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth were tested. Results: Higher CWs were associated with increased BP and odds of P/HTN, with coefficients proportional to the contribution of each CW to adult BMI. Adjusted for adult height and BMI, no child CW was associated with adult BP, but 1 SD of BW was related to a 0.5-mm Hg lower systolic BP and a 9% lower odds of P/HTN. BW and CW associations with systolic BP and P/HTN were not different between adults born SGA and those with normal BW, but higher CW at 48 mo was associated with higher diastolic BP in those born SGA. Conclusions: Greater weight gain at any age relates to elevated adult BP, but faster weight gains in infancy and young childhood do not pose a higher risk than do gains at other ages. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1383-92.
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